Whether it is a bustling metropolis or a remote town, whether it is in a high-end jewellery store or on a street stall, there are different grades of serpentine jade carvings. Serpentine jade often has many names depending on the place of origin, such as Bao Wenyu, which is produced in New Zealand, William Jade, which is made in the United States, and Korean jade, which is produced in North Korea. There are also many names in serpentine jade in China: Xiuyan jade (produced in Liaoning Xiuyan); Taishan jade (produced in Taian, Shandong); Southern jade (produced in Luoding, Xinyi, Guangdong); Laojunmiao jade (produced in Gansu Jiuquan); Qilian jade (produced in Qilian Mountain, Qinghai); Laiyang Yu (produced in Laiyang, Shandong Province).
The main constituent mineral serpentine is monoclinic, and the common crystal form is leaf-like or fibrous. Serpentine jade is a collection of dense blocks.
Color: The change is large, mainly yellowish yellow, yellowish green, green, colorless and so on.
Transparency and gloss: translucent - transparent; glass luster, waxy luster.
Luminescence: generally inert. Sometimes weak microscopic green fluorescence can be observed under long-wave ultraviolet light.
Hardness: generally 4-4.5, depending on its mineral composition, can vary between 2-6.
How to distinguish from jade:
1 Structure: The structure of serpentine jade is very detailed. Even under the microscope, there is no granular structure. There is no orange peel effect on the surface after polishing, which is equivalent to the emerald of the old pit glass.
2 patterns: Parallel stripes are often seen in serpentine jade, like the pattern on the snake, but there is no such pattern in the jade.
3. Gloss: Because the hardness of serpentine jade is much lower than that of jadeite, its surface gloss can only achieve waxy luster, while jade has glass luster.
4. Inclusions: This is a very important feature that distinguishes serpentine jade from jadeite. Serpentine jade often has white cloud-like masses and black chromite, pyrite, and sulfides with strong metallic luster.
5. Relative density: The relative density of serpentine jade is less than that of jadeite. The amount of hand rubbing will be light and fluttering. It can be accurately distinguished by static water weighing or heavy liquid method.
6. Hardness: The hardness of jadeite reaches 6.66, while the serpentine jade is only 2~4, which can be inscribed by a knife. However, the serpentine jade produced by Xiuyan has a hardness of 5.5 due to the mixing of tremolite.
7. Engraving process: Because of the low hardness, the jade carving masters can't be carved like serpents on serpentine jade, so the engraving of serpentine jade is usually very rough.
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