Most fabric production requires warp yarn sizing, which is an important process in the textile processing process, and it is also an extremely critical processing technology. However, in the printing and dyeing process after weaving, all the sizing must be removed from the fabric. Desizing waste liquid is one of the most important pollution sources of printing and dyeing plants. Its COD value is as high as 20,000 to 30,000, and it needs special equipment and measures to deal with it. According to the data analysis of some key printing and dyeing enterprises for 5 to 10 years, if the proportion of COD/BOD/SS and other indicators is taken into account, the desizing waste liquid accounts for more than 50% of the total pollution of printing and dyeing enterprises.
As cotton textiles and printing and dyeing belong to the upstream and downstream industry chains, the prominent problems presented in the printing and dyeing sectors have not attracted enough attention in cotton textile enterprises. The use of green pollution-free environmental protection slurry does present the risk of increased costs. The development of environmental protection slurry involves the field of chemistry and even bio-engineering. Our country's first in this regard is the lack of capital investment and research, and second, the gap in the overall level of technology is still gradually widening.
At present, domestic enterprises use pulps with poor biodegradability and may contain toxic and harmful substances. The following are roughly the following: Slurry contains carcinogenic substances, such as formaldehyde. Formaldehyde, in addition to the possible carcinogenic effects of the human body, also affects the human body. The respiratory tract and skin produce a strong irritant, causing respiratory inflammation and dermatitis. Some of the phosphate esters are also listed as carcinogens and appear mainly in the use of phosphorus-containing additives and phosphates in sizing. The slurry contains chlorine, benzene ring-containing organics, and most of the chlorides, such as ****, tetrachlorophenol, and 2-naphthol. These chlorides are discharged into sewage after desizing, and they produce bioaccumulation after contact with the human body, causing teratogenic and carcinogenic hazards to the human body. Harmful heavy metals are also often detected in the slurry. It is mainly introduced in the chemical raw materials used in the manufacture of the slurry, especially when using unqualified chemical test aids to produce the slurry. For example, impurities in chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite, phosphate, urea, and the like used in making the modified starch slurry. Some heavy metal salts are in contact with the human body. Once absorbed by the body, they will accumulate in the liver, bones, kidneys, heart and brain, causing considerable harm to health after a certain degree. Slurry contains hardly biodegradable substances, such as well-known PVA, and some surfactants. Some acrylic esters are also more difficult to biodegrade and can damage the ecological environment. Slurry produces abnormal odors. Abnormal odors are mainly caused by chemicals that can irritate the skin and mucous membranes, causing conjunctivitis and dermatitis, etc., which are often found in acrylic syrups.
It is worth pointing out that at present, there are not many sizing agents that can stand up to the "Ecology Mark" test in the domestic market, which makes it very difficult for the textile industry to control the pollution from the source.
The environmental protection slurry should have the following conditions: it is harmless to the human body, has no pollution to the environment, and can be naturally degraded during its production of raw materials, slurry production, application of sizing, treatment of desizing discharge liquid, and use of textiles and clothing. This is a whole process from production, processing to application. Green paste should pass the "Eco-textiles" HJBZ30-2000 standard (ie, the international Oko-Tex-Standard 100 standard) published by China. This standard specifies the limit value of harmful substances on textiles. Therefore, it will be used in cotton textile enterprises in the future. It is seldom that enterprises that do so are required to check whether there are toxic and hazardous substances in the slurry, and to check the BOD and COD of the slurry and their ratios. This will be a basic requirement for industry self-regulation.
Of course, China's textile science and technology workers sizing with polyacrylic acid and high-performance modified starch in the sizing of cotton fabrics has basically achieved no or little use of PVA, but this is far from enough, and the current pollution caused by pure starch slurry. It is also very serious.
In addition to satisfying the technical and technical requirements for warp sizing, the green sizing we expect must meet the following requirements: whether the raw materials used for the sizing should meet the requirements of the ecological standards; the sizing does not include the environmental label. 》The listed irrelevant substances; slurry should not emit harmful gases and harmful volatiles when sizing; the fabric after desizing and scouring should not contain harmful and toxic substances such as formaldehyde and chlorine; The waste liquid should have high biodegradability or be easy to be decomposed; the energy and water consumption should be as small as possible; the pulp mill should have an overall professional and technical quality management assurance system.
As cotton textiles and printing and dyeing belong to the upstream and downstream industry chains, the prominent problems presented in the printing and dyeing sectors have not attracted enough attention in cotton textile enterprises. The use of green pollution-free environmental protection slurry does present the risk of increased costs. The development of environmental protection slurry involves the field of chemistry and even bio-engineering. Our country's first in this regard is the lack of capital investment and research, and second, the gap in the overall level of technology is still gradually widening.
At present, domestic enterprises use pulps with poor biodegradability and may contain toxic and harmful substances. The following are roughly the following: Slurry contains carcinogenic substances, such as formaldehyde. Formaldehyde, in addition to the possible carcinogenic effects of the human body, also affects the human body. The respiratory tract and skin produce a strong irritant, causing respiratory inflammation and dermatitis. Some of the phosphate esters are also listed as carcinogens and appear mainly in the use of phosphorus-containing additives and phosphates in sizing. The slurry contains chlorine, benzene ring-containing organics, and most of the chlorides, such as ****, tetrachlorophenol, and 2-naphthol. These chlorides are discharged into sewage after desizing, and they produce bioaccumulation after contact with the human body, causing teratogenic and carcinogenic hazards to the human body. Harmful heavy metals are also often detected in the slurry. It is mainly introduced in the chemical raw materials used in the manufacture of the slurry, especially when using unqualified chemical test aids to produce the slurry. For example, impurities in chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite, phosphate, urea, and the like used in making the modified starch slurry. Some heavy metal salts are in contact with the human body. Once absorbed by the body, they will accumulate in the liver, bones, kidneys, heart and brain, causing considerable harm to health after a certain degree. Slurry contains hardly biodegradable substances, such as well-known PVA, and some surfactants. Some acrylic esters are also more difficult to biodegrade and can damage the ecological environment. Slurry produces abnormal odors. Abnormal odors are mainly caused by chemicals that can irritate the skin and mucous membranes, causing conjunctivitis and dermatitis, etc., which are often found in acrylic syrups.
It is worth pointing out that at present, there are not many sizing agents that can stand up to the "Ecology Mark" test in the domestic market, which makes it very difficult for the textile industry to control the pollution from the source.
The environmental protection slurry should have the following conditions: it is harmless to the human body, has no pollution to the environment, and can be naturally degraded during its production of raw materials, slurry production, application of sizing, treatment of desizing discharge liquid, and use of textiles and clothing. This is a whole process from production, processing to application. Green paste should pass the "Eco-textiles" HJBZ30-2000 standard (ie, the international Oko-Tex-Standard 100 standard) published by China. This standard specifies the limit value of harmful substances on textiles. Therefore, it will be used in cotton textile enterprises in the future. It is seldom that enterprises that do so are required to check whether there are toxic and hazardous substances in the slurry, and to check the BOD and COD of the slurry and their ratios. This will be a basic requirement for industry self-regulation.
Of course, China's textile science and technology workers sizing with polyacrylic acid and high-performance modified starch in the sizing of cotton fabrics has basically achieved no or little use of PVA, but this is far from enough, and the current pollution caused by pure starch slurry. It is also very serious.
In addition to satisfying the technical and technical requirements for warp sizing, the green sizing we expect must meet the following requirements: whether the raw materials used for the sizing should meet the requirements of the ecological standards; the sizing does not include the environmental label. 》The listed irrelevant substances; slurry should not emit harmful gases and harmful volatiles when sizing; the fabric after desizing and scouring should not contain harmful and toxic substances such as formaldehyde and chlorine; The waste liquid should have high biodegradability or be easy to be decomposed; the energy and water consumption should be as small as possible; the pulp mill should have an overall professional and technical quality management assurance system.
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