Artificial Intelligence
What is pvc artificial leather pu artificial leather pu synthetic leather
In China, artificial leather is commonly made from PVC resin and is referred to as PVC artificial leather, often simply called "artificial leather." When produced using PU resin, it is known as PU artificial leather or PU leather. Another type, made from a combination of PU resin and non-woven fabric, is called PU synthetic leather, or simply synthetic leather. Although the industry has not yet established a standardized naming system for these materials, many people tend to refer to all three types collectively as "synthetic leather." To ensure clarity and consistency, a more accurate and unified name should be adopted.
The artificial leather and synthetic leather industry in China has grown rapidly and now plays a significant role in the plastics sector. These materials are widely used across various industries, including home decoration, furniture, automotive interiors, fashion, footwear, and accessories. Many consumers mistakenly believe that products like sofas, shoes, and bags are made from natural leather, but in reality, a large portion of them are actually made from artificial or synthetic leather. The market for these products continues to expand, with a wide range of colors and styles available.
China's development of artificial and synthetic leather began in 1958, making it one of the earliest industries within the plastics sector. Over the past few decades, the industry has not only seen growth in production capacity and output but also in product diversity and technological advancement. Companies have formed strong industry organizations, creating a cohesive and competitive sector. With proper coordination, the industry has the potential to become a major force in the global market.
PU synthetic leather, which has been developed for over 30 years, has become an ideal alternative to natural leather. It has undergone significant technological advancements, offering properties that closely resemble those of natural leather. In the 1950s, PU was first applied to fabrics, and by the 1960s, it was used in shoe uppers. Japan later led the way in mass production, and after two decades of research, the technology advanced rapidly. Today, PU synthetic leather is nearly indistinguishable from natural leather in appearance, texture, and performance, and it is used in a wide range of applications such as clothing, sports equipment, and interior design.
Japan remains the largest producer of synthetic leather, with companies like Kuraray, Teijin, Toray, and Zhongfang setting international standards. Their innovations focus on ultra-thin fibers, high-density non-wovens, and eco-friendly PU dispersions and water emulsions. As a result, synthetic leather has expanded into new fields beyond traditional uses like shoes and bags, becoming a staple in everyday life.
Artificial and synthetic leather were developed to address the growing demand for leather products and the limited supply of natural leather. Scientists have spent over 50 years refining these materials, starting with nitrocellulose lacquers and progressing to PVC and later PU-based technologies. By the 1970s, non-woven substrates with porous structures were introduced, mimicking the natural leather network. The surface layers became microporous, resembling the grain of real leather, making the products increasingly similar in appearance and performance.
The third generation of artificial leather, microfiber PU synthetic leather, features a three-dimensional network structure that closely matches natural leather. Advanced processing techniques allow for superior breathability, moisture absorption, and comfort. These materials surpass natural leather in chemical resistance, uniformity, and durability, making them a preferred choice in many industries. As a result, synthetic leather has largely replaced natural leather in areas where resources are scarce, and its versatility and variety continue to grow.
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