The Artful Ssangyong Ssangyong Red Silk Slab in the Ming Dynasty

The red silk stone, one of China's four renowned stones, is celebrated for its soft texture, rich ink absorption, vibrant color, luster, and variety. Revered by scholars throughout history, this unique stone was originally found in Zhuangshan Mountain in Linyi, Yelingyuan, as well as in the cave at the top of Qingzhou’s mountain—though the Heishan source has long been exhausted and no longer produces. Historical records such as *Qingzhou Fuzhi* and *Linyi County Records* mention that the red silk stone originates from Linyi. Though Linyi and Qingzhou are more than 20 kilometers apart, the stone formations in both regions are remarkably similar, sharing the same geological vein. Since Linyi once fell under Qingzhou’s administration, the red silk stone was historically known as “Qingzhou Red Silk.” According to *Xi Qing Ji Spectrum*, the red silk stone comes from Linxian County. Its color ranges from red to yellow, with the finest pieces being extremely rare. As a result, it is considered a precious and scarce treasure. While the Shiyan red ribbon is bright and unusual, ancient jade is still regarded as the most exquisite. Red silk stone formed approximately 440 million years ago during the Ordovician Majiagou Formation. It is a type of siliceous limestone, composed mainly of calcite, mica, quartz, and iron. With a hardness above 4 on the Mohs scale, it is delicate and fine-grained, making it an ideal material for crafting oyster shells. The stone originates from the contact zone between the first and second layers of limestone, typically found 2–7 meters underground. The rock layer is thin, the stone is rare, and often contains visible quartz veins. In each square meter, only a few red silk stones can be found. Blackstone, on the other hand, is found in a small cave at the mountain’s peak. The entrance is just over a foot high, allowing only one person to crawl through. The cave extends more than ten feet deep but remains only three feet tall, making the working conditions extremely challenging. According to Song Tangyan’s *Songlu*, “In the western part of Qingzhou, about forty miles into the mountains, there is a cave and a plate-like opening. The stone is born on the western wall of the cave, according to legend, it is the Scarlet Silk Stone.”

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